Malawi Medical Journal; 27(1): 38-39 March 2015
Case Report: Positive outcome of medical leeches (hirudotherapy) for venous congestion
P. Brzezinski, C. Solovan, A. Chiriac, L.Foia
Hirudotherapy, i.e. medicinal leech treatment, is a method known to mankind since ancient Egypt and still being used in modern medicine. In an article published in the Malawi Medical Journal, the authors describe the case of a 65-year-old woman suffering from chronic venous insufficiency, to whom treatment with leeches brought significant benefits.
Case presentation
The patient diagnosed with venous disease (CVD class II) used leech therapy under the supervision of her family doctor. Five days after starting therapy, although she did not experience any pain or fever, she noticed numerous itchy skin lesions on her legs. These symptoms initially suggested contact dermatitis, but further treatment with antihistamines and antibiotics led to almost complete recovery.
Discussion
Hirudotherapy is used not only for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, but also as a way to improve circulation thanks to the action of hirudin – a natural anticoagulant secreted by leeches. Despite the positive effects, this method is associated with risks, including the possibility of allergic reactions and bacterial infections, most often caused by Aeromonas bacteria.
Safety and effectiveness
The article highlights the need to develop standard procedures and a scientific approach to assessing the effectiveness of hirudotherapy to enable its safer and more controlled use. The FDA approved leech treatment in 2004, paving the way for further research and potentially expanding its medical uses.
Summary
Although the use of leeches in medicine may seem anachronistic, their effective action in the management of various ailments, including chronic venous insufficiency, is still relevant and valuable. Modern research and regulations can help to understand better and use this fascinating form of therapy, while ensuring a high level of safety for patients.